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The Imaginary (psychoanalysis)
The Imaginary order is one of a triptych of terms in the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan, along with the symbolic and the real. Each of the trio of terms emerged gradually over time, and underwent an evolution during the development of Lacan's thought. "Of these three terms, the 'imaginary' was the first to appear, well before the Rome Report of 1953 ... (t )he notion of the 'symbolic' came to the forefront".〔Alan Sheridan, "Translator's Note", Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis'' (London 1994) p. 279〕 Indeed, looking back at his intellectual development from the vantage point of the 70s, Lacan epitomised it as follows:
I began with the Imaginary, I then had to chew on the story of the Symbolic ... and I finished by putting out for you this famous Real.〔Lacan, Seminar 22, quoted in James M. Mellard, ''Beyond Lacan'' (Albany 2006) p. 49〕
Accordingly, "Lacan's work is often divided into three periods: the Imaginary (1936–1952), the Symbolic (1953–1962), and the Real (1963–1981)".〔D. Hoens and Ed Pluth, in Mellard, p. 49〕 During the first of these, "Lacan regarded the 'imago' as the proper study of psychology and identification as the fundamental psychical process. The imaginary was then the ... dimension of images, conscious or unconscious, perceived or imagined";〔Sheridan, p. 279〕 and it was in the decade or two following his delivery of ''Le stade du miroir'' at Marienbad in 1936 that Lacan's concept of the Imaginary was most fully articulated.
==The Imaginary order==
The basis of the Imaginary order is the formation of the ego in the "mirror stage"; by articulating the ego in this way "the category of the imaginary provides the theoretical basis for a long-standing polemic against ego-psychology"〔David Macey, "Introduction", Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis'' (London 1994) p. xxi〕 on Lacan's part. Since the ego is formed by identifying with the counterpart or specular image, "identification" is an important aspect of the imaginary. The relationship whereby the ego is constituted by identification is a locus of "alienation", which is another feature of the imaginary, and is fundamentally narcissistic: thus Lacan wrote of "the different phases of imaginary, narcissistic, specular identification - the three adjectives are equivalent"〔Jacques-Alain Miller ed., ''The Seminar of Jacques Lacan: Book I'' (Cambridge 1988) p. 188〕 which make up the ego's history.
If "the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real are an unholy trinity whose members could as easily be called Fraud, Absence and Impossibility",〔Malcolm Bowie, ''Lacan'' (London 1991) p. 112〕 then the Imaginary, a realm of surface appearances which are inherently deceptive, is "Fraud".
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